Measurement
TILS: Three Item Loneliness Scale
Reference and/or access link:
Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2004). A Short Scale for Measuring Loneliness in Large Surveys: Results From Two Population-Based Studies. Research on Aging, 26(6), 655-672. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027504268574