Measurement
FTND: Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence
Reference and/or access link:
Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, Fagerstrom KO (1991). The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire. Br J Addict 86:1119-27.
Pomerleau C S, Majchrezak MI, Pomerleau OF (1989). Nicotine dependence and the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire: a brief review. J Substance Abuse 1: 471-7.